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Kazakhstan concerns to the countries with transitive economy. Now in the country privatization is completed, the progressive tax laws is accepted, the modern bank system is based, are carried out retos on village, housing and communal services and in social sphere. In structure of the industry it is allocated fuel and energy (41%), metallurgy (25%) and the food-processing industry (17%). The priority is given to the export-focused branches. A basis of economy of Kazakhstan is the fuel and energy complex which is based own stocks of coal, oil, natural gas. Beginning from 1993 of 40% of all foreign investments is account for a share of the oil and gas industry. Together with growth of oil extracting oil refining develops also. Now in the country 3 oil refining factories with total amount of processing 11 million tones operate. Kazakhstan develops also export of oil-and-gas raw material. Oil pipelines for limits of the country are under construction. Nonferrous metallurgy is one of leading branches of industrial production of Kazakhstan. There are two large territorially incorporated areas of nonferrous metallurgy: central (copper) and east (polymetallic — lead, zinc, aluminium, copper, gold, etc.). In Ust Kamenogorsk there is one of the largest factories on manufacture of fuel for nuclear reactors. Almost all ferrous metallurgy is concentrated in the Central area of the country; factories of ferroalloys are in Ermak and Aktyubinsk. The enterprises of the chemical industry specialize on release of a phosphoric flour, super phosphate, and phosphoric salts. Food and light industry (leather, raw material and wool, processing of a clap-raw) are guided by local resources and the consumer. The share of agriculture in structure of agrarian and industrial complex reaches 50%. The Arable lands concentrated in basic in the north of republic, borrow 13% of agriculture. Under grain it is now borrowed 11 million hectares. Kazakhstan is in a zone of extreme agriculture; therefore fluctuations of a crop on years can reach 3–4 times. They are grown up also sunflower, millet, corn, and fig. From commercial crops on the small areas cultivate in the south cotton, and southeast areas — a sugar beet and tobacco. In foothills gardens and vineyards are grown up. Postural takes 57% of territory of the country. The main branch of animal industries is sheep breeding. In steppes they plant large horned livestock for a meat. There are developed also horse breeding, camel breeding and pig breeding. |
